The Akharas, which have long been the spiritual backbone of the Maha Kumbh, continue to be at the heart of the event, preserving traditions and sects of Sanatan Dharma. The term ‘Akhara’ comes from ‘Akhand,’ meaning indivisible, and these religious orders, dating back to the time of Adi Guru Shankaracharya in the 6th century, have shaped the Kumbh Mela for centuries. Today, the Akharas not only serve as places of worship but as centers of spiritual learning and physical training, helping millions connect to their faith.
At the Maha Kumbh, Akharas are known for their distinct customs and leadership structures, which include spiritual learning through scriptures and physical defense through martial arts. These practices are maintained by the Mahamandaleshwaras, the leaders who ensure the Akharas’ spiritual and organizational integrity. Their leadership is crucial to the rituals, processions, and overall Kumbh experience.
Among the 13 Akharas, the Shaiva, Vaishnav, and Udaseen sects stand out. The Shaiva Akharas, led by Naga Sannyasis who worship Lord Shiva, are known for their spiritual and martial prowess. The Naga Sannyasis, particularly those from the Juna Akhara, are revered for their ascetic practices and martial skills, playing an essential role in the grand processions and rituals at the Kumbh, especially during the Shahi Snaan ceremonies.
The Shri Panch Dashnam Aavahan Akhara, which has been part of the Kumbh Mela for over 1,200 years, is another key player, preserving ancient traditions like the Chhari Yatra, a sacred procession. The Aavahan Akhara, led by Mahant Gopal Giri, continues to combine tradition with modernity in its contributions to the Kumbh.
The Vaishnav Akharas, including the Shri Panch Nirmohi Ani Akhada and the Shri Panch Nirvani Ani Akhada, also have a significant role. These Akharas focus on the worship of Lord Vishnu, particularly in his incarnation as Lord Hanuman, raising Dharm Dhwajas (religious flags) to signify divine protection for devotees.
A historic shift is occurring at the Maha Kumbh 2025, with over 1,000 women being initiated into the prominent Akharas for the first time. The Shri Panchadashnam Juna Akhara, the largest and one of the most influential, has already initiated over 200 women into Sannyas, reflecting the Akharas’ commitment to gender equality. This Akhara has also renamed its female monks’ organization to Sannyasini Shri Panchadashnam Juna Akhara, giving it a respected identity within the spiritual community.
The Maha Nirvani Akhara, one of the wealthiest and most influential, has also been at the forefront of gender empowerment, establishing the position of Mahamandaleshwar for women. Women leaders like Sadhvi Geeta Bharti and Santosh Puri represent this commitment. Along with gender equality, the Maha Nirvani Akhara emphasizes environmental conservation, aligning with the Kumbh’s growing focus on sustainability.
In addition to gender equality, the Kumbh 2025 also witnesses the inclusion of Kinnar Akharas, offering an inclusive space for the Kinnar community, which has long been marginalized. This marks a historic moment, as the Kinnar Akhara now participates in the Maha Kumbh, embodying the values of equality and respect.
The Maha Kumbh 2025 is a celebration of the Akharas’ enduring relevance in India’s spiritual life. These institutions not only safeguard the spiritual and cultural values of Sanatan Dharma but are also evolving to embrace modern ideas like inclusivity and equality. As the grand processions unfold and sacred rituals are performed, the Akharas remain at the heart of the Maha Kumbh, guiding millions of devotees toward spiritual growth, unity, and a deeper connection with the divine.
Department of Information & Public Relations (DPIR), Government of Uttar Pradesh
https://kumbh.gov.in/en/spiritualgurus
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